TechnoFiction

CAPACITORS A capacitor is a 2 terminal passive component that is sometimes referred as condenser. It has the capacity to store energy in the form of electric charge that produces a potential difference across the two plates of the capacitor. The effect of capacitor that is its value is known as the capacitance of the capacitor. The structure of capacitor consists of two parallel conducting plates which are separated from each other by the insulating material such as paper, plastic, electric gel, etc. This  insulation  between  the 2  plates of the capacitor  is named  the dielectric . WORKING PRINCIPLE The working principle of the capacitor is that the capacitance of a conductor increases considerably when an earthed conductor is brought near it. WORKING Now, when a DC voltage is applied across the capacitor, the positive charge quickly accumulates on one plate of the capacitor while a corresponding and opposite negative charge accumulates on the other plate of the capacitor. For

  Protection is assured through disconnecting power supply in a circuit  by  over current protection , which removes fire hazards and protect the components from burning out.   Circuit protection , at its simplest, is the intentional addition of a 'weak link' in an electrical circuit . This link will break in the event of a fault – whenever there is high temperature, excessive current or a short circuit in a conductor, thus protecting the electrical circuit from damage.   Circuit connection  Description Here we are trying to implement the protection circuit that is used to protect the opamp from back EMF when it is connected directly with the relay. So for protection of opamp we will use transistor (BC547) for switching, this switch will turn on when the opamp will give output. At that time flow of circuit connection will be from collector to emitter due to which relay turns ON. But we know that the coil of relay is responsible for back EMF which will move towa

ENGINEERING STUDENTS AND THEIR LIFESTYLE “Engineering” is taken as a field of brain, technical knowledge, day and night quality study. Engineers are  folks that  solve problems and  concentrate on  making things work more efficiently and effectively. They apply theories and principles of science and mathematics to research and develop economical solutions to every technical problems. That is the definition of an Engineer. But who are the engineering students? They are often  those that  are overburdened with their assignments,  deprived of  sleep, low on social life (maybe) and busy in their own world of sci-fi movies and series. If a student want to become a successful engineer he/she should follow the lifestyle of an engineer and not of an engineering student. Few things that covers  the life-style  of an engineering students are listed below: ASSIGNMENTS This is  the foremost  annoying part  that each  student face. In engineering colleges, most are competing within the rac

An embedded system may be a computing system with the real-time computing constraints .It is a microprocessor-based system that's incorporated into a tool to watch and control the functions of the components of the device. They are the part of every modern electronic components. Embedded systems are the low power consumption units that are meant to run specific tasks for control of remote controls, RFID tags , sensors, networking hardware like switches, routers, modems, PDAs, etc. Generally, an embedded system comprises of the subsequent components: ● Power Supply ● Memory ● Processor ● Timers ● Output/Output circuits ● Serial communication ports ● SASC (System application specific circuits) The software of an embedded system is written to execute a specific function that's written during a high-level setup then compiled right down to offer code which will be stuck within a non-volatile memory in the hardware. An embedded system software is meant to stay in sight of the subsequ

  Science is the study of the natural world by scientific method i.e. collecting data through a systematic process. And technology is where we apply science to create devices that can solve problems and perform different tasks. Technology is literally the application of science. So, it is really impossible to separate the two.   Science, innovation, and technology each represent a successively larger category of activities that are highly interdependent from each other but distinct. Science contributes to technology generally in six ways: •        New knowledge which serves as a direct source of ideas for new technological innovations. •        Source of tools and techniques for more efficient engineering designs and a knowledge base for evaluation of the feasibility of different new designs. •        Research instrumentation and laboratory techniques used in research eventually find their way into the design or industrial practices, through different methods in different a

This is a small setup that can be used to count the number of people passing by any place and display it on the serial monitor of the Arduino ide. It can be used to monitor chaos occurring at any place. HARDWARE COMPONENTS The components required to implement this project are: •        ARDUINO UNO •        ULTRASONIC SENSOR •        BREADBOARD •        BUZZER •        JUMPER WIRES ( as per the requirement)   CONNECTIONS: Interfacing of   ultrasonic   sensor with Arduino Uno: o   VCC: 5V supply  o GND: GND of UNO o Trig: pin number 2 o Echo: pin number 3   Interfacing of piezo buzzer with Arduino Uno: o   Positive terminal : pin number 10 o   Negative terminal : GND     Circuit Design           CODE:   int piezoPin = 10; // pin for the buzzer int trigPin = 2; int echoPin = 3;   int val = 0; // variable for reading the pin status int counter = 0;  int currentState = 0;  int previousState = 0;         void setup() {  pinMode(p

A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures the infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of observation.  They’re  most frequently  utilized in  PIR-based motion detector systems. PIR sensors are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive infrared detector". The term passive refers to  the very fact  that PIR devices  don't  radiate energy for detection purposes. They work entirely by detecting  infrared  (radiant heat) emitted by or reflected from the objects. The PIR sensor itself is housed  during a  sealed metal can  to enhance  noise/temperature/humidity immunity.  There’s  a window  made from  IR-transitive material that protects the  detector . Behind the window there are two balanced sensors. In its internal structure,  there's  actually a JFET inside (a  sort of  transistor) which  is extremely  low-noise and buffers the extremely high impedance of the sensors into s