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NEGATIVE VOLTAGE GENERATOR

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Every circuit needs perfect bias supply to perform well and some times. Integrated circuits or special components or output actuators need negative voltage. Everyone needs a negative voltage rail eventually, but most only have  one  rail supply. This project will show you how to build a negative voltage generator that runs off a single rail supply voltage!   CONCEPT OF GENERATING NEGATIVE VOLTAGE But using an oscillator, some diodes, and  an ingenious  arrangement of capacitors,  we will  exploit  an impact  called capacitive coupling whereby a negative voltage near  adequate to  the availability  voltage can be generated... from a single rail supply! CAPACITIVE COUPLING Capacitive coupling is  an impact  where a capacitor “attempts”  to stay  the voltage across its terminals constant. For example, if  each side  of a capacitor are at 0V and plate 1 is suddenly  delivered to...
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INFRARED (IR) SENSOR

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Infrared (IR) radiation was first discovered by an astronomer named William Herchel in 1800. When he was measuring the temperature of each color of light (separated by a prism), he noticed that the temperature just beyond the red light was highest .As IR is invisible to the human eye, since its wavelength is longer than that of visible light therefore by observing this phenomenon he discovered infrared light. Basically, t here are two types of infra red (IR) sensors: ·         Active ·         P assive.   Active Infrared (IR) sensor It perform both the phenomenon i.e. emit ting and detect ing infrared radiation. Active IR sensors have two parts: ·         light emitting diode (LED) ·         Receiver   An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measu...
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